Registration and records of poultry and other captive birds

This guidance is for Scotland

Owners / keepers of poultry are required to notify / register as keepers of poultry with the Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA) and to keep records relating to their poultry.

These records include:

• movement of poultry and eggs on to and off premises
• transport and marketing of poultry
• any medicinal treatment administered and mortalities
• measures put in place to control hazards
• results of testing for Salmonella

Notification: the Scottish Kept Bird Register

Keepers of poultry and most other captive birds are required to register their flocks on the new Scottish Kept Bird Register (SKBR) by 1 October 2024. Previously, only flocks with 50 or more birds were required to be registered. Keepers are encouraged to register their birds ahead of the legal deadline.

Keepers who have previously registered their flocks on the Great Britain Poultry Register must register on the SKBR by 1 December 2024.

If you need help with registration, you can contact the SKBR, either via its helpline 01466 405101 or email skbr@scoteid.com.

The registers must be maintained annually and, if there are changes in the meantime, keepers must ensure that records are updated within 30 days of those changes.

The requirements cover most birds, including backyard flocks, birds of prey and pigeons. They do not affect caged pet birds (such as parrots, canaries or budgies) that are kept entirely inside a domestic dwelling or bird house, with no access to open air. However, all poultry species* must be registered, no matter where they are kept.

[*As defined in the Avian Influenza (Preventive Measures) (Wales) Regulations 2006 - see below.]

The Avian Influenza (Preventive Measures) (Scotland) Order 2007 require any person who keeps 50 or more poultry at any one premises to notify APHA of the following:

• address of premises and holding number (if it has one)
• keeper's name and address and, if different, that of the owner of the poultry and the occupier of the premises
• species kept
• type of husbandry system (meat, eggs or hatching eggs)
• incubator capacity of any hatchery
• number of each species usually kept
• seasonal variations that might result in significant differences in number or species
• number of species with access to open air
• whether the poultry are kept in the presence of, or in the vicinity of, any body of water that attracts wild birds

This is done via the SKBR.

New keepers must register on the SKBR within one month of acquiring the birds.

'Poultry' is defined in the Order as "all birds that are reared or kept in captivity for the production of meat or eggs for consumption, the production of other commercial products, for restocking supplies of game or for the purposes of any breeding programme for the production of these categories of birds".

Changes to information (address, owner, occupier, species kept) or a change in numbers (plus or minus 20%) must be notified within one month (this does not include usual management fluctuations).

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Fairs, markets, shows, exhibitions or other gatherings

Gatherings of poultry or captive birds at fairs, markets, shows, exhibitions or other events are allowed under a general licence issued by APHA. Licence conditions require the event organiser / licensee to comply with notification and biosecurity requirements and make a record of all people who bring poultry or other captive birds to a gathering or take such birds from a gathering. These records are to be kept for three months and must include the following information:

• full name
• home address and address where birds were kept prior to the event, if this is different
• telephone number
• number and type of birds exhibited, raced, bought or sold
• a confirmation from entrants that they will comply with biosecurity arrangements
• a declaration that the birds exhibited have not, to the best of the owner's / keeper's knowledge:
  • been in contact with any birds infected with a notifiable avian disease
  • come from an avian disease control zone

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Movement records of poultry and/or eggs

The Diseases of Poultry (Scotland) Order 2003 requires every person:

• engaged in the transport or marketing of poultry or eggs (including a slaughter or auctioneer) to keep a record in respect of any poultry or eggs transported or marketed
• who owns or keeps any flock of 250 or more poultry, consisting of any species on the premises, to keep a record of poultry entering or leaving those premises

'Poultry' is defined in the Order as "any of the following birds if they are kept in captivity for breeding, the production of meat or eggs or for restocking supplies of game; namely domestic fowls, turkey, geese, ducks, guinea fowls, pigeons (other than racing pigeons), quails, ratites, pheasants and partridges".

Note: this is different to the definition in the Avian Influenza (Preventive Measures) (Scotland) Order 2007 (see above).

Record details required:

• date and place poultry or eggs obtained
• species and description
• name and address of person from whom obtained
• date they left the premises
• name and address of person to whom they were transferred
• destination (if known)

Retention and production of records:

• records to be kept for 12 months from when dated as being marketed or transported
• records to be produced to an inspector at all reasonable times

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Racing pigeons

Every person who owns or keeps racing pigeons must keep a record of every race or show for which they enter their pigeons.

Every racing pigeon entered for a race or show must be vaccinated against paramyxovirus 1 (the cause of Newcastle disease).

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Control of Salmonella

Breeding, laying and broiler flocks / hatcheries

The Control of Salmonella in Poultry (Breeding, Laying and Broiler Flocks) (Scotland) Order 2009 requires the occupier of a holding on which one or more breeding or laying flocks of at least 250 poultry are kept, and any occupier of a poultry hatchery with a total incubator capacity of 1,000 eggs or more, to notify APHA of its existence within three months of the establishment of the holding.

Definitions in the Order:

• 'poultry' is defined as "domestic fowl of the species Gallus gallus"
• 'laying flock' is defined as "a flock of poultry kept for the production of eggs intended for human consumption"
• 'breeding flock' is defined as "a flock kept for the production of eggs intended for incubation"
• 'broiler flock' is defined as "a flock kept for the production of meat intended for human consumption"

The Order requires:

• sampling for Salmonella
• record of sampling
• prior notification to APHA of the arrival of broiler flocks (at least two weeks before the expected arrival date)
• record of movement (broiler flocks only)

Sampling for Salmonella for breeding flocks must occur:

• when the birds are chicks
• when the birds are four weeks old
• two weeks before the date the flock is moved to a laying unit, or (if they are not moved) the date they are expected to come into lay
• every second week during the laying period

Sampling for Salmonella for laying flocks must occur:

• when the birds are chicks
• two weeks before the date the flock is moved to a laying unit or (if they are not moved) the date they are expected to come into lay
• every 15 weeks during the laying period, starting when the birds are between 22 and 26 weeks old

The occupier of premises must keep a record of the sample taken as follows:

• type of sample
• date sample taken
• identification of flock sampled
• laboratory to which sample was sent
• result of any test on any sample

The above applies to breeding and laying flocks (250 minimum) and to broiler flocks.

Record of movements (broiler flocks only)

The occupier of premises must keep a record of the movement of birds to and from holdings, as follows:

• date of movement
• whether the movement was on to or off the holding
• number of birds moved
• age of the birds moved
• if a whole flock is moved, the identification of that flock
• identity of the building(s) into or from which the birds were moved
• address of the holding of destination (for movements off) or the address of the holding of origin (for movements on)

Hatchery records

When eggs or chicks are moved on to or off the hatchery, the occupier must record the following:

• date of movement
• number of eggs or chicks moved
• whether the movement is on to or off the hatchery
• if the movement is off the holding, the holding destination
• in the case of eggs brought on to the hatchery for incubation, holding of origin

All records to be retained for two years and to be produced to an inspector on demand.

Turkey flocks

The Control of Salmonella in Turkey Flocks (Scotland) Order 2009 requires the occupier of the holding on which one or more turkey flocks are kept to notify APHA within three months of the establishment of the holding and to sample for Salmonella. The occupier must notify APHA, at least two weeks before, of the expected date of arrival at the holding of every turkey flock.

'Turkey' is defined in the Order as "domestic fowl of the species meleagris gallopavo or meleagris ocelleta".

'Turkey flock' is defined in the Order as "a flock of turkeys kept for breeding or fattening purposes".

The Order requires sampling for Salmonella.

Records of Salmonella samples taken must be kept as follows:

• type of sample taken
• date on which the sample was taken
• where there is more than one flock on the holding, the identification of the flock from which the sample was taken
• age of the flock sampled
• laboratory to which the sample was sent
• intended date of slaughter of the birds sampled
• results of tests

When turkeys are moved on to or off the holding, the occupier must record:

• the date of the movement
• whether the movement was on to or off the holding
• number of turkeys moved
• age of birds moved
• when the movement involves an entire flock, and there is more than one flock on the holding, the identification of that flock
• identity of the building or group of buildings into or from which the birds were moved
• address of the holding that they came from or the slaughterhouse or holding they were sent to

All records must be retained for two years and to be produced to an inspector on demand.

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Transport records

The Welfare of Animals (Transport) (Scotland) Regulations 2006 require poultry that are transported to be accompanied by an animal transport certificate (ATC) showing the:

• origin and ownership of the poultry
• name and address of the transporter
• place of departure
• date and time of departure
• intended place of destination
• expected duration of the intended journey

Note: transport records are not required for transport of poultry:

• that does not take place in connection with an economic activity
• to and from veterinary practices
• by farmers of their own birds and in their own means of transport for a distance of less than 50 km from their holding (31.07 miles)

Records must be retained for six months and be produced to an inspector on demand.

Further information on the documentation required to transport poultry, including transporter authorisations and certificates of competence, can be found in 'Transporting animals by road'.

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Farm records

The Welfare of Farmed Animals (Scotland) Regulations 2010 require a person responsible for farmed animals (animals bred or kept for the production of food, wool, skin or other farming purposes) to maintain a record of the number of mortalities found on each inspection, which must be at least once a day.

These records must be kept for three years and made available to an inspector on request.

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Medicine records

The Veterinary Medicines Regulations 2013 require keepers of food-producing animals to keep a record of:

• proof of purchase of veterinary medicines
• name of product and batch number
• quantity purchased
• name and address of supplier
• administration:
  • name of product
  • date of administration
  • quantity administered
  • withdrawal period
  • identification of animals treated
• disposal:
  • date of disposal
  • quantity of the product involved
  • how and where it was disposed of

If the product is administered by a vet, they must complete the record or provide written details and the keeper must then complete the records. Records, including proof of purchase, must be kept for five years and be produced to an inspector on demand.

Further information on the record-keeping requirements in relation to the purchasing, administration and disposal of veterinary medicines can be found in 'Keeping veterinary medicine records'.

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Food business records

The Food Hygiene (Scotland) Regulations 2006 and assimilated Regulation (EC) No 852/2004 on the hygiene of foodstuffs require food business operators to keep and maintain records relating to measures put in place to control hazards. In particular, those rearing animals or producing primary products of animal origin must keep records that include:

• the nature and origin of feed fed to the animals
• veterinary medicinal products or other treatments administered to the animals, dates of administration and withdrawal periods
• the results of any analysis carried out on samples taken from animals or other samples taken for diagnostic purposes that have importance for human health
• any relevant reports or checks carried out on animals or products of animal origin
• the occurrence of diseases that may affect the safety of the meat

These records are to be made available to an inspector and receiving food business operators, on request.

Other persons - such as veterinarians, agronomists and farm technicians - may assist food business operators with the keeping of records.

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Trading Standards

For more information on the work of Trading Standards services - and the possible consequences of not abiding by the law - please see 'Trading Standards: powers, enforcement and penalties'.

In addition to the information covered in the above guide, under some legislation, where a person is found not to be complying with a notice, the enforcing authority may arrange for the notice to be complied with and the person will be liable for any costs incurred.

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In this update

Keepers are required to register all flocks on the new Scottish Kept Bird Register by 1 October 2024 (with certain exceptions). Keepers who previously registered their flocks on the Great Britain Poultry Register have until 1 December to register on the SKBR.

Last reviewed / updated: September 2024

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